以光形塑：陕西兴平安拉之光清真寺 / 马希买

原源 | 2018.03.27 13:00

“他用光创造诸天，而不用你们能见的支柱。”建筑师努力地将这伊斯兰哲学融入这座独特的清真寺之中，希望让神圣的光成为这座清真寺的灵魂。

In The Quran, there was a sentence describing Allah“He created the skies with the light, without pillars you see it”. The architect also tried to integrate this thought-provoking Islamic philosophy into this unique mosque, hoping the sacred light to be the soul of the mosque.

安拉之光清真寺位于陕西省兴平市，依附于兴平市清真寺。该座清真寺规划上是一座女寺，供穆斯林女士祷告和礼拜。同时这是一次资金限制极大的项目，35万的投入意味着这将是一个极具挑战的设计。设计者一直努力地思考如何在这极少的投入中发挥更多的设计力量。委托方要求礼拜和祷告的大殿不能超过50方，但是宗教建筑需要高耸的空间来营造氛围，这样的面积对于一个教堂来说，可能无法释放纵向空间的尺度；于是设计者最终决定采用了圆形的结构，圆形是最有张力的形状，可以制造出较强烈的空间体验。

Light of Allah Mosque lies in Xingping City of Shanxing Province, attached to Xingping Mosque, which was planned to be a Female Mosque for Muslim females to pray and worship. At the same time this was a project with great capital restrictions, RMB350thousand meaning an extraordinary challenge to the designing. The designer kept considering how to give full play to the designing with the poor investment. The entrusting party demanded that the hall of praying and worshiping shouldn’t be over 50sqm, which couldn’t allow the church to release the size vertically because generally religious building needs to be towery to create the atmosphere.

这样的结构恰好可以使设计师在顶部设置一条依附于圆形结构的天窗，天光透进来，自然形成了一个圆形的光环，天光与结构的结合使细节和空间变得丰富。昏暗的大殿之中，穆民们抬头仰望，非常明亮的光环削弱了纯粹的混凝土楼板在人们眼中的感受，只是被神圣的光环所吸引，这样的感受就像和真主在对话，人们抬头望着光祷告，光又洒在人们的脸上，我想这样的建筑体验将会更加有韵味。并且，一天之中的光线在室内缓缓地移动位置，暗示时间的移动，穆斯林每天5个时辰的礼拜就可以在建筑中体会不同的空间感受，纯净的光洗礼着人们的精神和灵魂。除了天光，墙体上也开凿出大小不一的方孔，保证了早晨、中午、下午都有阳光通过方孔射进室内。每个方孔都装上不一样颜色的玻璃，阳光照进来，室内会形成不一样的彩色斑点。

At last the designer decided to use the round structure which can create bigger space experience with the most tensioned structure. Such a structure means a belt of sky lighted windows attaching to the round structure at the top, allowing the daylight to stream in and form a round halo, enriching the details and the space. In the dim hall, the Muslims lifted up their heads and attracted by the sacred halo weakening the solid concrete in people’s eyes, feeling talking to Allah. Such a building experience shows the lingering charm that people are praying with looking into the light and the light is poured on people’s face. Also the light is moved languidly with the time, so the Muslims can feel the different space experience for 5 special hours during one-day worship. Just like I want to tell people the power and the existence of Allah with light, the people’s spirits and souls are baptized by the pure light I used too. Besides the sky light, the walls are drilled with the square holes of different sizes to ensure the light to stream in during the moing, noon and afteoon. The square holes are installed with the glass of different colors, so the interior space will be decorated with the different color spots.

墙体上大小不一的方孔1

每座清真寺都应有一道朝向麦加天房的墙来供穆斯林叩拜。设计者使用了混凝土，圆形大殿内部浇筑了一道7米高并且无任何装饰的混凝土墙，面向墙体就面向了麦加的方向。然后在墙体的后部进行开窗，让天光从后面衬进来，面向墙体是看不到光源的，只能感受到冷酷的墙体后面散发出了暖暖的自然光，这道墙本身应具有的神圣感就可以被简单的天光营造出来。设计又将表面镂空星月图案的现浇混凝土方形板固定在这道混凝土墙体上，并且让自然光从镂空的星月中渗透出来。最后委托了本寺的阿訇用金色的漆料在灰色的混凝土上抄写下了《古兰经》中的经文，在天光的陪衬下，质朴的混凝土上的经文闪着若隐若现的亮光，这样的墙体可以让穆民们陷入思考，思考时光，思考变迁，思考人生，思考真主的那些话。

There should be one wall toward Kaaba of Mecca, for the Muslims to worship in every Mosque. The designer still chose the concrete to pour one concrete wall of 7meter high without any decorations, which meant facing the wall equaled to facing the direction of Mecca. The windows are drilled behind the wall to let the light in, the natural warm light could be felt shedding from the behind of the wall because no light source could be seen when facing the walls, which created the sacred feeling that the wall should have with the simple sky light. I also made the fresh concrete square surface-hollowed stars & moon patte fixed on the concrete wall, making the natural light to permeate out. At last, the Akhoond of the Mosque was entrusted to copy down the Quran scripture on the gray concrete with the golden paint. Against the sky light, the plain scripture with the looming light, makes the Muslims fall into pondering, ponder the time, ponder the transition, ponder the life and ponder the words from Allah.

信徒1.JPG

整座清真寺选择用白色，是因为白色代表纯洁，能将建筑和当地的环境很好地分隔开，纯净得像瓷器有完美的界面一般。这是一座宗教建筑，设计希望人们在这里可以完全脱离杂乱无章的生活和环境，彻底来到一个纯净的世界，这就是它将存在于这里的意义，净化所有的事物。同时，白色可以无限地对话过去，幻想未来，周围的环境可以使白色变得更加纯净，白色也可以使环境变得更加清晰，明亮。

The whole Mosque is still white because the white represents pure and distinguishes the building from the local environment well, which is as pure as ceramics with the perfect surface. This is a religious architecture with the designing of hoping people to break away from the disordered life and environment and come to completely a pure world, which is the meaning for its existence, purifying everything. At the same time, the white could let people talk to the past and imagine the future without limit. The surrounding environment makes the white more pure and the white makes the environment more clear and bright.

白1 副本